What is the difference between verification and validation

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Verification and Validation are two key concepts in software testing and quality assurance, but they serve different purposes in ensuring a product meets requirements and works as intended.

Verification – "Are we building the product right?"

Verification is the process of checking that the software correctly implements a specific function or requirement. It involves reviewing, inspecting, and analyzing documents, design, code, and programs without executing the software.

Key points:

• Ensures the product is built according to specifications and design documents

• Performed during the development phase

• Involves activities like code reviews, walkthroughs, inspections, and static analysis

• Detects errors early in the development lifecycle

Example: Reviewing the software design document to ensure it aligns with system requirements.

Validation – "Are we building the right product?"

Validation is the process of evaluating the final product to check whether it meets the business needs and user expectations. This involves actual testing and execution of the software.

Key points:

• Ensures the product fulfills its intended use in the real world

• Performed after the development phase

• Involves dynamic testing like functional, integration, system, and user acceptance testing

• Helps confirm that the product behaves correctly in practice

Example: Running a user acceptance test to ensure the application works as expected for the customer.

Summary:

• Verification = Process-oriented, no code execution, focuses on correctness.

• Validation = Product-oriented, involves execution, focuses on usefulness and satisfaction.

Both are essential to delivering a reliable, functional product.

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